Maximizing transfer and generalization is a universal design for learning (UDL) guideline that supports multiple means of representation. The UDL guidelines were developed by an organization called CAST. This article will explore how teachers and other educators can help a variety of learners transfer and generalize knowledge.
Maximizing transfer and generalization in Universal Design for Learning
Maximizing transfer and generalization means helping learners apply new knowledge to other contexts or situations. Without strategies for applying knowledge, learners may remember lessons, but not use them in new situations.
Teachers can use many strategies for maximizing transfer and generalization. While some strategies make facts easier to remember, others help learners gain the skills to transfer knowledge. For instance, teachers can connect prior knowledge to new learning, and connect new information to topics from earlier lessons, using supports such as:
- Word webs
- Concept maps that are partly filled in
- Analogies and metaphors
- Popular culture, such as music or movies
These connections will help learners recognize how facts or ideas they already know apply to the new context of the current lesson.
Moreover, teachers can help learners remind themselves how new knowledge applies to multiple contexts, through note-taking methods, including:
- Templates
- Graphic organizers
- Concept maps
Similarly, teachers can encourage learners to use mnemonic strategies, such as:
- Imagery
- Paraphrases, or rephrases of concepts in other words
- Methods of loci to remember things in order
Likewise, teachers can model using more visual or tactile tools, including:
- Checklists
- Organizers
- Sticky notes
- Digital reminders on educational apps
In addition, teachers can ensure time to practice applying concepts to new situations, such as:
- Multiple math problems
- Debating different sides of a social issue
- Applying physics principles to real-world contexts, like construction of a playground
- Development of social skills
Furthermore, teachers can provide frequent opportunities for learners to review and connect information, throughout lessons or units. Review opportunities could happen at different points during a lesson. Reviews at later stages in a unit can also help learners apply content from earlier lessons to later contexts.